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Czechoslovakia was one of Europe's major transit countries for north-south movement. In 1985, there was: *a highly developed transport system consisting of 13,130 kilometres of railway tracks, 73,809 kilometres of roads and 475 kilometres of inland waterways, according to official sources. *1,448 kilometres of pipelines for transport of crude oil, 1,500 kilometres for refined products and 7,500 kilometres for natural gas. *a total cargo movement of over 99 billion ton-kilometres *of the nearly 90 billion ton-kilometres of cargo-carrying service performed by public transport, railways handled about 81%, roads 13%, inland waterways 5% and civil aviation less than 1%. The state owned and subsidized the means of transport, and passenger fares were among the lowest in the world. Major improvements were made in the transport infrastructure after World War II, particularly with regard to the railways, and the result was a relatively extensive and dense road and railway network. In developing the transport system, the government's primary goal was to facilitate movement of industrial goods; passenger traffic, while not neglected, received secondary consideration. Nevertheless, in the 1980s transport frequently was a bottleneck in the economy because of low operating efficiency and long-term inadequate investment. In the mid-1980s, both rail and highway transport systems were in need of substantial upgrading. Although the shortcomings of the systems were well known and received considerable public attention, limited funding slowed the pace of improvement. Since the 1970s, in an effort to save fuel, the government had been encouraging the displacement of goods transport from the highways to the railways. == Overview == *Railways: In 1985 total of 13,141 kilometres, of which 12,883 kilometres standard gauge, 102 kilometres broad gauge and 156 kilometres narrow gauge; 2,866 kilometres double tracked and 3,221 kilometres electrified. Track and beds suffered from inadequate maintenance. *Roads: In 1983 total of 74,064 kilometres, of which 60,765 kilometres paved and 13,299 kilometres gravelled. Roads poorly maintained. *Inland waterways: About 475 kilometres in 1985. *Pipelines: In 1987 about 1,448 kilometres for crude oil, 1,500 kilometres for refined products, and 8,000 kilometres for natural gas. Network linked domestic oil and gas fields to refineries. Pipelines also linked to large international lines bringing Soviet crude oil and gas to the border. *Freight: In 1985 about 81% of long-distance freight carried by rail. Truck transport accounted for 13%, inland waterways for 5%, and civil aviation less than 1% of freight traffic. *Ports: No seaports; used Gdynia, Gdańsk and Szczecin in Poland; Rijeka and Koper in Yugoslavia; Hamburg in West Germany; and Rostock in East Germany. Czechoslovakia had its own fleet and chartered vessels for international cargo. Main river ports Prague, Bratislava, Decin and Komárno. *Telecommunications: Adequate, modern, automatic system with direct dial connections with many parts of country and most European countries. In 1985 about 23.2 per 100 inhabitants. In January 1987 fifty-four AM, and fourteen FM radio stations, forty-five televisions stations and eleven Soviet television relays. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Transport in Czechoslovakia」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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